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immunization

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Everything you need to know about Immunization

 

IMMUNIZATION

By choosing to immunize your baby you will be simply and effectively protecting him against many harmful diseases that can cause serious complications and sometimes death.

Most baby attend their local doctor for immunizations. But you may also choose for your baby to be immunized at a hospital, health center or local council facility.

Immunity is not immediate, and baby is not protected until a few weeks have passed. In the case of vaccines such as DTP, good protection does not start until two or more does have been given. And full protection requires that the child complete all recommended doses of the vaccine. Young children and baby are at a greater risk of contracting diseases because their immune systems aren’t fully developed. Maternal antibodies passed on during pregnancy wear off after a couple of months, so immunization begins then.

Side Effects of Immunization

The oral polio vaccine, which is expected to be replaced with an injection in the future, is a very safe vaccine for most of the community, but if there is a history of problems with immunity in your baby or in the family, then you should ask your doctor about whether to have the 'inactivated' (injected) polio vaccine for your baby instead.

The new whooping cough vaccine - called DTPa for short - is now used in all vaccinations of children, and is less likely to cause side effects than the old vaccine. It is no longer routinely recommended that you give your baby a dose of infant paracetamol just prior to vaccination. But, if your baby screams a lot after vaccination, seems very drowsy, develops a high temperature, or has much swelling and reduces at the injection site, you should contact your doctor immediately.

Vaccination against pneumoccal and miningococcal type C ingections is now recommended for all infants to help reduce the risk of meningitis. A combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination is given at 12 months (depend on state). About five % of babies develop very mild measles symptoms: a rash, fever and runny nose five to 10 days after injection. Symptoms are not infectious and clear in a few days.

It's important to remember that, while no vaccine is completely free of side effects, when they do occur they are generally far less common and much less severe than the symptoms of the disease they are preventing.

If you are concerned about the possibility of your baby suffering side effects it is important that you discus the options with your doctor before deciding not to immunize, a decision not to do so could place your baby at risk.

Access to family allowances may be denied to parents who do not have their child vaccinated without providing a reason. Also, when an unvaccinated child attends daycare, preschool or school, he or she may be required to stay at home when an outbreak of vaccine preventable infection occurs there.

Special Precautions of Immunization

If you are at all worried about your baby's health at the time that his immunization is due, discuss your concerns with your doctor.

However, there are very few health reasons why baby sometimes cannot be immunized. You only really need to be concerned if:

  • Your baby is suffering from an acute illness, fever or illness of the nervous system.

  • Your baby is receiving treatment for cancer.

  • Your baby has worsening convulsions.

  • Your baby has a damaged immune system

  • Your baby takes cortisone by mouth or has had a dose of gamma globulin in the last three weeks.

  • Your baby has had blood transfusion in the past three months.

  • Your baby has already had a severe reaction to a previous dose. A reaction is classed as serious if the child's temperature goes above 400 C, or if he has convulsions within 72 hours, screams for over three hours or suffers from shock.

Premature babies are especially in need of protection, so if your baby was born early, start immunization two months after birth and follow the normal schedule.


RECOMMENDED IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE

Australia (source: www.vaccination.org.au update september 2003)

Age              

Birth

2 months

 

4 months

6 months

12 months

 

18 months

 

4 years

10-13 years 

11-15 years

15-17 years

 

Disease Immunised Against                                       

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B, Diptheria Tetanus Pertusis (DTPa), Haemophilis Influenza type B (Hib), Polio, Pneumococcal

Hepatitis B, DTPa, Hib, Polio, Pneumococcal

Hepatitis B (or at 12 months), DTPa, Polio,Pneumococcal

Hepatitis B (or at 6 months), Hib, Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR), Meningococcal C

Pneumococcal (depending on state), Chicken pox (varicella)

DTPa, Polio, MMR

Chicken pox (for those not vaccinated as children)

Hepatitis B (for those not vaccinated as children)

Adult Diptheria Tetanus Pertusis (DTPa)

          

Indonesia (Source: Buku kesehatan Ibu dan Anak)

Age                  Disease Immunised Against                                       
0-7 days           Hepatitis B 1
1 month            BCG, Polio 1
2 months          Hepatitis B 2, DTP 1, Polio 2
3 months          DPT 2, Polio 3
4 months          DPT 3, Polio 4
7 months          Hepatitis B 3
9 months          Campak (Measles)

Do you want to inform recommended immunisation schedule in your state/country? please send your information to ha_mubarok[at]yahoo[dot]com

Don't forget write your name, country and source of your information. Tq, b4.

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